Arduino内置教程-通讯-串口呼叫响应

串口呼叫响应(握手)

• 这个例子示范了用呼叫响应（握手）方式从Arduino 或Genuino开发板到电脑的多字节通讯。

• 这个程序在启动时发送一个ASCII A（字节值65），并且等它收到来自电脑的串口回应时重发。然后，它发送三个传感值作为单独字节，并且等待电脑的另一个回应。

• 你可以用Arduino IDE串口监视器来观察发送的数据，或者用Processing, Flash, PD, Max/MSP （看下面例子）等等来读取。

硬件要求

• Arduino or Genuino 开发板
• 2 模拟传感器 (电位计, 光敏电阻, FSR 等)
• 按键
• 3 10K ohm 电阻
• 连接线
• 面包板

软件要求

• Processing 或者 Max/MSP version 5

电路

• 把模拟传感器（作为分压器）通过10k ohm电阻连接到模拟引脚PIN0和PIN1。
• 把一个按键或者开关连接到数字I/O口pin2，并通过一个10k ohm电阻下拉到地。

原理图

样例代码

/*
  Serial Call and Response
 Language: Wiring/Arduino

 This program sends an ASCII A (byte of value 65) on startup
 and repeats that until it gets some data in.
 Then it waits for a byte in the serial port, and
 sends three sensor values whenever it gets a byte in.

 Thanks to Greg Shakar and Scott Fitzgerald for the improvements

   The circuit:
 * potentiometers attached to analog inputs 0 and 1
 * pushbutton attached to digital I/O 2

 Created 26 Sept. 2005
 by Tom Igoe
 modified 24 April 2012
 by Tom Igoe and Scott Fitzgerald

 This example code is in the public domain.

 http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SerialCallResponse

 */

int firstSensor = 0;    // first analog sensor
int secondSensor = 0;   // second analog sensor
int thirdSensor = 0;    // digital sensor
int inByte = 0;         // incoming serial byte

void setup() {
  // start serial port at 9600 bps:
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (!Serial) {
    ; // wait for serial port to connect. Needed for native USB port only
  }

  pinMode(2, INPUT);   // digital sensor is on digital pin 2
  establishContact();  // send a byte to establish contact until receiver responds
}

void loop() {
  // if we get a valid byte, read analog ins:
  if (Serial.available() > 0) {
    // get incoming byte:
    inByte = Serial.read();
    // read first analog input, divide by 4 to make the range 0-255:
    firstSensor = analogRead(A0) / 4;
    // delay 10ms to let the ADC recover:
    delay(10);
    // read second analog input, divide by 4 to make the range 0-255:
    secondSensor = analogRead(1) / 4;
    // read  switch, map it to 0 or 255L
    thirdSensor = map(digitalRead(2), 0, 1, 0, 255);
    // send sensor values:
    Serial.write(firstSensor);
    Serial.write(secondSensor);
    Serial.write(thirdSensor);
  }
}

void establishContact() {
  while (Serial.available() <= 0) {
    Serial.print('A');   // send a capital A
    delay(300);
  }
}

/*
Processing sketch to run with this example:

// This example code is in the public domain.

import processing.serial.*;

int bgcolor;                 // Background color
int fgcolor;                 // Fill color
Serial myPort;                       // The serial port
int[] serialInArray = new int[3];    // Where we'll put what we receive
int serialCount = 0;                 // A count of how many bytes we receive
int xpos, ypos;                  // Starting position of the ball
boolean firstContact = false;        // Whether we've heard from the microcontroller

void setup() {
  size(256, 256);  // Stage size
  noStroke();      // No border on the next thing drawn

  // Set the starting position of the ball (middle of the stage)
  xpos = width/2;
  ypos = height/2;

  // Print a list of the serial ports for debugging purposes
  // if using Processing 2.1 or later, use Serial.printArray()
  println(Serial.list());

  // I know that the first port in the serial list on my mac
  // is always my  FTDI adaptor, so I open Serial.list()[0].
  // On Windows machines, this generally opens COM1.
  // Open whatever port is the one you're using.
  String portName = Serial.list()[0];
  myPort = new Serial(this, portName, 9600);
}

void draw() {
  background(bgcolor);
  fill(fgcolor);
  // Draw the shape
  ellipse(xpos, ypos, 20, 20);
}

void serialEvent(Serial myPort) {
  // read a byte from the serial port:
  int inByte = myPort.read();
  // if this is the first byte received, and it's an A,
  // clear the serial buffer and note that you've
  // had first contact from the microcontroller.
  // Otherwise, add the incoming byte to the array:
  if (firstContact == false) {
    if (inByte == 'A') {
      myPort.clear();          // clear the serial port buffer
      firstContact = true;     // you've had first contact from the microcontroller
      myPort.write('A');       // ask for more
    }
  }
  else {
    // Add the latest byte from the serial port to array:
    serialInArray[serialCount] = inByte;
    serialCount++;

    // If we have 3 bytes:
    if (serialCount > 2 ) {
      xpos = serialInArray[0];
      ypos = serialInArray[1];
      fgcolor = serialInArray[2];

      // print the values (for debugging purposes only):
      println(xpos + "\t" + ypos + "\t" + fgcolor);

      // Send a capital A to request new sensor readings:
      myPort.write('A');
      // Reset serialCount:
      serialCount = 0;
    }
  }
}
*/

/*
Max/MSP version 5 patch to run with this example:

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-----------end_max5_patcher-----------



*/

[Get Code]
Processing代码

从上面代码里复制Processing程序。随着你改变模拟传感器的值，你会获得一个在显示屏上运动的球，像这样。这个球只在你按下按钮时出现：

Max 代码

max patch看起来像这样。 从上面代码里复制Max代码。

更多

• serial.begin()
• serial.available()
• serial.print()
• analogRead()
• ASCIITable - 示范使用Arduino的高等的串口输出函数。
• Dimmer - 移动鼠标来改变LED灯的亮度
• Graph - 发送数据到电脑，然后在Processing里画出它的图表。
• Midi - 连续发送MIDI音符信息
• MultiSerialMega - 使能Arduino Mega上2个串口。
• PhysicalPixel - 通过从Processing或者Max/MSP发送数据到Arduino上，使LED开关。
• ReadASCIIString - 分析整数里一个用逗号分隔的字符串，来使一个LED灯褪色。
• SerialCallResponse - 通过一个呼-应的方法（握手）来发送多个变数
• SerialCallResponseASCII - 通过一个呼-应的方法（握手）来发送多个变数，并在发送前解码（ASCII）这些数值。
• SerialEvent - 使用SerialEvent()函数
• VirtualColorMixer - 从Arduino发送多个变数到你的电脑，然后在Processing或者Max/MSP上读取这些数据