arduino教程系列27-DS1307 RTC时钟芯片与DS18B20数字温度传感器实验 温度传感器,芯片

本次实验我使用的是购买的一个DS1307 RTC模块,上面集成了一个DS18B20温度传感器,还集成了另外一个存储芯片~~

先上图


IMGP5813_调整大小.JPG

2011-11-17 22:28 上传
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IMGP5818_调整大小.JPG

2011-11-17 22:28 上传
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再看下硬件连接图,DS1307是I2C接口SCL接模拟5号口,SDA接模拟4号口。DS18B20是单总线模式,他的DS接口接数字2号口。


DS1307_Module.jpg

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IMGP5820_调整大小.JPG

2011-11-17 22:28 上传
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DS18B20:


IMGP6090_调整大小.JPG

2011-11-21 22:26 上传
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DS18x20系列数字温度传感器主要有DS18S20和DS18B20(DS18S20只有9位一种工作模式,分辨率只到0.5摄氏度,DS18B20有9、10、11、12位四种工作可编程控制的模式,分辨率最高为0.0625摄氏度。),都是由美国Dallas半导体公司(现在改名叫Maxim)生产的。这个系列最大的特点就是采用了Maxim的专利技术1-Wire。顾名思义,1-Wire就是采用单一信号线,但可像I2C,SPI一样,同时传输时钟(clock)又传输数据(data),而且数据传输是双向的。1-Wire 使用较低的数据传输速率,通常是用来沟通小型device,如数位温度计。通过1-Wire技术可以在单一信号线的基础上构成传感器网络,Maxim起名”MicroLan”。



DS18x20的供电主要有两种模式:



Parasite power mode/寄生供电


schematic-dallas-18s20.gif

2011-11-18 11:13 上传
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所谓的寄生供电是指DS18x20只需要两根接线,一根数据线,一根接地线,数据线上还要接一个4.7k上拉电阻连电源,数据线同时也提供了电能。DS18x20内置了电容,高电平期时把电能储存在内部电容里,低电平期内消耗内部电容里的能量工作,直到下次高电平期内再次电容充电。虽然这样的模式简化了线路同时也带来了一些缺陷:


  1. 电路的电流一般很小,只有当DS18x20进行温度转化或者写EEPROM时会高达1.5mA,当DS18x20进行上述操作时,数据线必须保持电平拉高状态直到操作结束,期间master端的Arduino不能做任何操作,DS18x20温度转化时这个时间间隔大概是750ms。



    2.如果要求DS18x20有精确的转化,数据线在温度转化期间必须保证足够的能量,但当你使用多个DS18x20构成MicroLan进行多点测温时,单靠4.7k的上拉电阻无法提供足够的能量,会导致较大的测温误差。



    Normal (external supply) mode/标准(外部供电)


normal_mode.png

2011-11-18 11:13 上传
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标准外部供电模式,相比寄生供电模式,每个DS18x20需要多一条独立的电源线接独立电源。虽然多用些线,但由于外部供电,保证了每个设备的进精确度和稳定性。而且没有了上述温度转换期间Arduino不能做任何事的问题。



DS18B20的详细介绍就不多讲了,具体可以查看论坛的另一篇帖子
http://www.geek-workshop.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=198&extra=page%3D1


直接进入实战,调用DS18B20,需要使用OneWire库。



把下面代码下载进入arduino控制板。ARDUINO 代码复制打印

#include <OneWire.h>
 
// DS18S20 Temperature chip i/o
OneWire ds(2);  // on pin 2
 
void setup(void) {
  // initialize inputs/outputs
  // start serial port
  Serial.begin(9600);
}
 
void loop(void) {
  byte i;
  byte present = 0;
  byte data[12];
  byte addr[8];
 
  if ( !ds.search(addr)) {
    Serial.print("No more addresses.\n");
    ds.reset_search();
    return;
  }
 
  Serial.print("R=");
  for( i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
    Serial.print(addr[i], HEX);
    Serial.print(" ");
  }
 
  if ( OneWire::crc8( addr, 7) != addr[7]) {
    Serial.print("CRC is not valid!\n");
    return;
  }
 
  if ( addr[0] == 0x10) {
    Serial.print("Device is a DS18S20 family device.\n");
  }
  else if ( addr[0] == 0x28) {
    Serial.print("Device is a DS18B20 family device.\n");
  }
  else {
    Serial.print("Device family is not recognized: 0x");
    Serial.println(addr[0],HEX);
    return;
  }
 
  ds.reset();
  ds.select(addr);
  ds.write(0x44,1);         // start conversion, with parasite power on at the end
 
  delay(1000);     // maybe 750ms is enough, maybe not
  // we might do a ds.depower() here, but the reset will take care of it.
 
  present = ds.reset();
  ds.select(addr);
  ds.write(0xBE);         // Read Scratchpad
 
  Serial.print("P=");
  Serial.print(present,HEX);
  Serial.print(" ");
  for ( i = 0; i < 9; i++) {           // we need 9 bytes
    data[i] = ds.read();
    Serial.print(data[i], HEX);
    Serial.print(" ");
  }
  Serial.print(" CRC=");
  Serial.print( OneWire::crc8( data, 8), HEX);
  Serial.println();
}

代码下载好以后打开串口编辑器,然后就会出现下面这样子的画面。


2011-11-18 10-37-49.jpg

2011-11-18 23:46 上传
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虽然我们读到了Scratchpad的数据,但是显示的是HEX16进制代码,我们还需要转化成我们能读的温度格式。这里推荐一个叫Dallas Temperature Control的Library,大大简化了这个过程。官方地址:
http://www.milesburton.com/?title=Dallas_Temperature_Control_Library

ARDUINO 代码复制打印

#include <OneWire.h>
#include <DallasTemperature.h>
 
// Data wire is plugged into port 2 on the Arduino
#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2
 
// Setup a oneWire instance to communicate with any OneWire devices (not just Maxim/Dallas temperature ICs)
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
 
// Pass our oneWire reference to Dallas Temperature. 
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);
 
void setup(void)
{
  // start serial port
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("Dallas Temperature IC Control Library Demo");
 
  // Start up the library
  sensors.begin();
}
 
void loop(void)
{ 
  // call sensors.requestTemperatures() to issue a global temperature 
  // request to all devices on the bus
  Serial.print("Requesting temperatures...");
  sensors.requestTemperatures(); // Send the command to get temperatures
  Serial.println("DONE");
 
  Serial.print("Temperature for the device 1 (index 0) is: ");
  Serial.println(sensors.getTempCByIndex(0));  
}

代码下载好以后,打开串口监视器,就可以看到当前室温了。


2011-11-18 23-32-12.jpg

2011-11-18 23:46 上传
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下面我们试用一下DS1307时钟芯片功能。

先把下面库自带测试代码下载进入arduino控制板ARDUINO 代码复制打印

#include <WProgram.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <DS1307.h>
 
int rtc[7];
int ledPin =  13;
void setup()
{
  DDRC|=_BV(2) |_BV(3);  // POWER:Vcc Gnd
  PORTC |=_BV(3);  // VCC PINC3
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);  
  Serial.begin(9600);
 
  RTC.stop();
  RTC.set(DS1307_SEC,1);
  RTC.set(DS1307_MIN,57);
  RTC.set(DS1307_HR,17);
  RTC.set(DS1307_DOW,2);
  RTC.set(DS1307_DATE,18);
  RTC.set(DS1307_MTH,1);
  RTC.set(DS1307_YR,10);
  RTC.start();
}
 
void loop()
{
  RTC.get(rtc,true);
 
  for(int i=0; i<7; i++)
  {
    Serial.print(rtc[i]);
    Serial.print(" ");
  }
  Serial.println();
        digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); 
        delay(500);
        digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
        delay(500);
}

然后打开串口监视器,就能看到类似下图的样子。

2011-11-20 20-15-49.jpg

2011-11-20 20:45 上传
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这个模块上还有一个T24C32A EEPROM存储器。。。下面上一个全面一点的代码,对各个期间进行测试。其中刚开始会对I2C器件进行扫描。。。代码不错,大家可以参考下。ARDUINO 代码复制打印

/**
 * I2CScanner.pde -- I2C bus scanner for Arduino
 *
 * 2009, Tod E. Kurt, [url]http://todbot.com/blog/[/url]
 *
 */
#include <OneWire.h>
#include "Wire.h"
#include <WProgram.h>
#include <DS1307.h>
#include <avr/io.h>
extern "C" { 
#include "utility/twi.h"  // from Wire library, so we can do bus scanning
}
 
 
byte start_address = 1;
byte end_address = 127;
OneWire  ds(2);  // on pin 2
byte Tdata[12];
int sensorValue = 0;        // value read from the pot
int rtc[7];
float TT=0.0;
 
// Scan the I2C bus between addresses from_addr and to_addr.
// On each address, call the callback function with the address and result.
// If result==0, address was found, otherwise, address wasn't found
// (can use result to potentially get other status on the I2C bus, see twi.c)
// Assumes Wire.begin() has already been called
void scanI2CBus(byte from_addr, byte to_addr, 
                void(*callback)(byte address, byte result) ) 
{
  byte rc;
  byte data = 0; // not used, just an address to feed to twi_writeTo()
  for( byte addr = from_addr; addr <= to_addr; addr++ ) {
    rc = twi_writeTo(addr, &data, 0, 1);
    if(rc==0) callback( addr, rc );
  }
}
 
// Called when address is found in scanI2CBus()
// Feel free to change this as needed
// (like adding I2C comm code to figure out what kind of I2C device is there)
void scanFunc( byte addr, byte result ) {
  Serial.print("addr: ");
  Serial.print(addr,DEC);
  addr = addr<<1;
  Serial.print("\t HEX: 0x");
  Serial.print(addr,HEX);
  Serial.println( (result==0) ? "\t found!":"   ");
//  Serial.print( (addr%4) ? "\t":"\n");
}
 
 
  void i2c_eeprom_write_byte( int deviceaddress, unsigned int eeaddress, byte data ) {
    int rdata = data;
    Wire.beginTransmission(deviceaddress);
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddress >> 8)); // MSB
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddress & 0xFF)); // LSB
    Wire.send(rdata);
    Wire.endTransmission();
  }
 
  // WARNING: address is a page address, 6-bit end will wrap around
  // also, data can be maximum of about 30 bytes, because the Wire library has a buffer of 32 bytes
  void i2c_eeprom_write_page( int deviceaddress, unsigned int eeaddresspage, byte* data, byte length ) {
    Wire.beginTransmission(deviceaddress);
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddresspage >> 8)); // MSB
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddresspage & 0xFF)); // LSB
    byte c;
    for ( c = 0; c < length; c++)
      Wire.send(data[c]);
    Wire.endTransmission();
  }
 
  byte i2c_eeprom_read_byte( int deviceaddress, unsigned int eeaddress ) {
    byte rdata = 0xFF;
    Wire.beginTransmission(deviceaddress);
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddress >> 8)); // MSB
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddress & 0xFF)); // LSB
    Wire.endTransmission();
    Wire.requestFrom(deviceaddress,1);
    if (Wire.available()) rdata = Wire.receive();
    return rdata;
  }
 
  // maybe let's not read more than 30 or 32 bytes at a time!
  void i2c_eeprom_read_buffer( int deviceaddress, unsigned int eeaddress, byte *buffer, int length ) {
    Wire.beginTransmission(deviceaddress);
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddress >> 8)); // MSB
    Wire.send((int)(eeaddress & 0xFF)); // LSB
    Wire.endTransmission();
    Wire.requestFrom(deviceaddress,length);
    int c = 0;
    for ( c = 0; c < length; c++ )
      if (Wire.available()) buffer[c] = Wire.receive();
  }
void DS1302_SetOut(byte data ) {
    Wire.beginTransmission(B1101000);
    Wire.send(7); // LSB
    Wire.send(data);
    Wire.endTransmission();
}
byte DS1302_GetOut(void) {
    byte rdata = 0xFF;
    Wire.beginTransmission(B1101000);
    Wire.send(7); // LSB
    Wire.endTransmission();
    Wire.requestFrom(B1101000,1);
    if (Wire.available()) {
      rdata = Wire.receive();
      Serial.println(rdata,HEX);
    }
    return rdata;
}
void showtime(void){
  byte i;
  Serial.print("Time=");
  DS1302_SetOut(0x00);
  RTC.get(rtc,true);  
  for(int i=0; i<7; i++)        {
  Serial.print(rtc[i]);
  Serial.print(" ");
  }
}
 
void readBatVcc(void){
    sensorValue = analogRead(A1);
    TT = sensorValue*0.0047;
    Serial.print("Battery: ");
    Serial.print(TT);
    Serial.print("V");
}
 
// standard Arduino setup()
void setup()
{
    DDRC|=_BV(2) |_BV(3);
    PORTC |=_BV(3);
    Wire.begin();
 
    Serial.begin(19200);
    Serial.println("--- I2C Bus Scanner Test---");
    Serial.print("starting scanning of I2C bus from ");
    Serial.print(start_address,DEC);
    Serial.print(" to ");
    Serial.print(end_address,DEC);
    Serial.println("...");
 
    // start the scan, will call "scanFunc()" on result from each address
    scanI2CBus( start_address, end_address, scanFunc );
 
    Serial.println("\n");
    Serial.println("--- EEPROM Test---");
    char somedata[] = "this is data from the eeprom"; // data to write
    i2c_eeprom_write_page(0x50, 0, (byte *)somedata, sizeof(somedata)); // write to EEPROM 
    delay(100); //add a small delay
    Serial.println("Written Done");    
    delay(10);
    Serial.print("Read EERPOM:");
    byte b = i2c_eeprom_read_byte(0x50, 0); // access the first address from the memory
    int addr=0; //first address
    while (b!=0) 
    {
      Serial.print((char)b); //print content to serial port
      addr++; //increase address
      b = i2c_eeprom_read_byte(0x50, addr); //access an address from the memory
    }
   Serial.println("\n");
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("--- DS11307 RTC Test---");  
  showtime();
  if(rtc[6]<2011){
    RTC.stop();
    RTC.set(DS1307_SEC,1);
    RTC.set(DS1307_MIN,52);
    RTC.set(DS1307_HR,16);
    RTC.set(DS1307_DOW,2);
    RTC.set(DS1307_DATE,25);
    RTC.set(DS1307_MTH,1);
    RTC.set(DS1307_YR,11);
    RTC.start();
    Serial.println("SetTime:");
    showtime();    
  }
 
  Serial.println("\n\n");
  Serial.println("--- Reserve Power Test---");
  Serial.println("  Close POWER!:");
   PORTC &=~_BV(3);
   byte time;
   for(time=0;time<5;time++){
     digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
     delay(500);
     digitalWrite(13,LOW);
     delay(500);     
     readBatVcc();
     Serial.println(""); 
   }
    PORTC |=_BV(3);
   Serial.println("\n  POWER On!");
      delay(500);
      showtime();
 
    Serial.println("\n");
    Serial.println("===  Done   ===");
    Serial.println("\n");
}
 
// standard Arduino loop()
void loop() 
{
    byte i;
    byte present = 0;
    unsigned int Temper=0;
 
 
readBatVcc();
 
    ds.reset();
    ds.write(0xCC,1);
    ds.write(0x44,1);         // start conversion, with parasite power on at the end
    digitalWrite(13,HIGH);
    delay(450);
    digitalWrite(13,LOW);
    delay(450);
    present = ds.reset();
    ds.write(0xCC,1);    
    ds.write(0xBE);         // Read Scratchpad
    for ( i = 0; i < 9; i++) {           // we need 9 bytes
      Tdata[i] = ds.read();
    }    
    Temper = (Tdata[1]<<8 | Tdata[0]);
    TT =Temper*0.0625;
    if(TT>200){
     Serial.println("\t DS18B20 Not installed!");
    }else{
      Serial.print("\t Temperature=");
      Serial.println(TT);
    }
    Serial.println("");
}

然后打开串口监视器,波特率要调节为19200.

2011-11-20 20-20-35.jpg

2011-11-20 20:45 上传
(60.68 KB)





附件是这次需要用到的库(适用于0022与0023 IDE):
网盘下载附件http://pan.baidu.com/s/1dExdYV3
OneWire.rar (8.59 KB)
DS1307.rar (2.59 KB)
DallasTemperature_371Beta.zip (22.44 KB)

补充1.0.1下可用的DS180B20库
OneWire_1.0.1.zip (14.38 KB)
DallasTemperature_372Beta_1.0.1.zip (22.87 KB)


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