arduino教程系列13-4位数码管实验 arduino入门,arduino教程,数码管



这次我们进行的实验是使用arduino驱动一块共阳四位数码管。驱动数码管限流电阻肯定是必不可少的，限流电阻有两种接法，一种是在d1-d4阳极接，总共接4颗。这种接法好处是需求电阻比较少，但是会产生每一位上显示不同数字亮度会不一样，1最亮，8最暗。另外一种接法就是在其他8个引脚上接，这种接法亮度显示均匀，但是用电阻较多。本次实验使用8颗220Ω电阻（因为没有100Ω电阻，所以使用220Ω的代替，100欧姆亮度会比较高）。



下图为4位数码管


IMGP0048_调整大小.JPG

2011-8-6 16:08 上传
(118.5 KB)





4位数码管总共有12个引脚，小数点朝下正放在面前时，左下角为1,其他管脚顺序为逆时针旋转。左上角为最大的12号管脚。


IMGP0049_调整大小.JPG

2011-8-6 16:08 上传
(62.87 KB)





下图为数码管的说明手册


5643b.jpg

2011-8-6 16:08 上传
(143.54 KB)





下面是硬件连接图


Snap1.jpg

2011-8-6 16:08 上传
(154.12 KB)




IMGP0207_调整大小.JPG

2011-8-6 16:12 上传
(202.16 KB)





把下面的代码复制下载到控制板中，看看效果。

ARDUINO

//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
int del = 100;
int buttoncount = 0;
int loopcount = 0;
 
void setup()
{
  pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
 
void loop()
{
  roulette(4);  //轮转效果
  delay(100);
  zigzag(2);    //Z字型效果
  delay(100);
  circles(4);   //圈状效果
  delay(100);
}
 
void pickDigit(int x)  //定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
  digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
 
  switch(x)
  {
  case 1: 
    digitalWrite(d1, HIGH); 
    break;
  case 2: 
    digitalWrite(d2, HIGH); 
    break;
  case 3: 
    digitalWrite(d3, HIGH); 
    break;
  default: 
    digitalWrite(d4, HIGH); 
    break;
  }
}
 
void clearLEDs()  //清屏
{
  digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
 
void roulette(int x)  //设置轮转效果
{
  loopcount = 0;
  while (loopcount < x)
  {
    digitalWrite(a, LOW);
    pickDigit(1);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(4);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(b, LOW);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(c, LOW);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(d, LOW);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(1);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(e, LOW);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(f, LOW);
    delay(del);
    clearLEDs();
    loopcount++;
  }
}
 
void zigzag(int x)  //设置Z字形效果
{
  loopcount = 0;
  while(loopcount < x)
  {
    digitalWrite(a, LOW);
    pickDigit(1);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(4);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(b, LOW);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(g, LOW);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(1);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(e, LOW);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(d, LOW);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(4);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(c, LOW);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(g, LOW);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(del);
    pickDigit(1);
    delay(del);
    digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(f, LOW);
    delay(del);
    clearLEDs();
    loopcount++;
  }
}
 
void circles(int x)  //设置圈状效果
{
  loopcount = 0;
  while (loopcount < x)
  {
    digitalWrite(a, LOW);
    digitalWrite(b, LOW);
    digitalWrite(f, LOW);
    digitalWrite(g, LOW);
    pickDigit(1);
    delay(250);
    digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(c, LOW);
    digitalWrite(d, LOW);
    digitalWrite(e, LOW);
    pickDigit(2);
    delay(250);
    digitalWrite(a, LOW);
    digitalWrite(b, LOW);
    digitalWrite(f, LOW);
    digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
    pickDigit(3);
    delay(250);
    digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(c, LOW);
    digitalWrite(d, LOW);
    digitalWrite(e, LOW);
    pickDigit(4);
    delay(250);
    clearLEDs();
    loopcount++;
  }
}

上面代码效果如下，为3种花样组成。

再把下面代码复制下载到控制板中，看看效果。
ARDUINO 

//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
long n = 0;
int x = 100;
int del = 55;  //此处数值对时钟进行微调
 
void setup()
{
  pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
}
 
void loop()
{
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(1);
  pickNumber((n/x/1000)%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(2);
  pickNumber((n/x/100)%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(3);
  dispDec(3);
  pickNumber((n/x/10)%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(4);
  pickNumber(n/x%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  n++;
 
  if (digitalRead(13) == HIGH)
  {
    n = 0;
  }
}
 
void pickDigit(int x)  //定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
  digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
 
  switch(x)
  {
  case 1: 
    digitalWrite(d1, HIGH); 
    break;
  case 2: 
    digitalWrite(d2, HIGH); 
    break;
  case 3: 
    digitalWrite(d3, HIGH); 
    break;
  default: 
    digitalWrite(d4, HIGH); 
    break;
  }
}
 
void pickNumber(int x)   //定义pickNumber(x),其作用是显示数字x
{
  switch(x)
  {
  default: 
    zero(); 
    break;
  case 1: 
    one(); 
    break;
  case 2: 
    two(); 
    break;
  case 3: 
    three(); 
    break;
  case 4: 
    four(); 
    break;
  case 5: 
    five(); 
    break;
  case 6: 
    six(); 
    break;
  case 7: 
    seven(); 
    break;
  case 8: 
    eight(); 
    break;
  case 9: 
    nine(); 
    break;
  }
}
 
void dispDec(int x)  //设定开启小数点
{
  digitalWrite(p, LOW);
}
 
void clearLEDs()  //清屏
{
  digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
 
void zero()  //定义数字0时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, LOW);
  digitalWrite(f, LOW);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
 
void one()  //定义数字1时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
 
void two()  //定义数字2时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, LOW);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
 
void three()  //定义数字3时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
 
void four()  //定义数字4时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, LOW);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
 
void five()  //定义数字5时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, LOW);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
 
void six()  //定义数字6时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, LOW);
  digitalWrite(f, LOW);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
 
void seven()  //定义数字7时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
}
 
void eight()  //定义数字8时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, LOW);
  digitalWrite(f, LOW);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}
 
void nine()  //定义数字9时阴极那些管脚开关
{
  digitalWrite(a, LOW);
  digitalWrite(b, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, LOW);
  digitalWrite(g, LOW);
}

下面的代码与上面的效果一样，但是使用了数组方法进行简写，大家对比一下看看哪里不易一样。

//设置阴极接口
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
int c = 3;
int d = 4;
int e = 5;
int f = 6;
int g = 7;
int p = 8;
//设置阳极接口
int d4 = 9;
int d3 = 10;
int d2 = 11;
int d1 = 12;
//设置变量
long n = 0;
int x = 100;
int del = 55;  //此处数值对时钟进行微调
 
byte segs[7] = { a, b, c, d, e, f, g };
 
byte seven_seg_digits[10][7] = { { 0,0,0,0,0,0,1 },  // = 0
                                 { 1,0,0,1,1,1,1 },  // = 1
                                 { 0,0,1,0,0,1,0 },  // = 2
                                 { 0,0,0,0,1,1,0 },  // = 3
                                 { 1,0,0,1,1,0,0 },  // = 4
                                 { 0,1,0,0,1,0,0 },  // = 5
                                 { 0,1,0,0,0,0,0 },  // = 6
                                 { 0,0,0,1,1,1,1 },  // = 7
                                 { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0 },  // = 8
                                 { 0,0,0,0,1,0,0 }   // = 9
                             }; 
 
void setup()
{
  pinMode(d1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(a, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(e, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(f, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(g, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(p, OUTPUT);
}
 
void loop()
{
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(1);
  lightSegments((n/x/1000)%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(2);
  lightSegments((n/x/100)%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(3);
  dispDec(3);
  lightSegments((n/x/10)%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  clearLEDs();
  pickDigit(4);
  lightSegments(n/x%10);
  delayMicroseconds(del);
 
  n++;
 
  if (digitalRead(13) == HIGH)
  {
    n = 0;
  }
}
 
void pickDigit(int x)  //定义pickDigit(x),其作用是开启dx端口
{
  digitalWrite(d1, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d2, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d3, LOW);
  digitalWrite(d4, LOW);
 
  switch(x)
  {
  case 1: 
    digitalWrite(d1, HIGH); 
    break;
  case 2: 
    digitalWrite(d2, HIGH); 
    break;
  case 3: 
    digitalWrite(d3, HIGH); 
    break;
  default: 
    digitalWrite(d4, HIGH); 
    break;
  }
}
 
void dispDec(int x)  //设定开启小数点
{
  digitalWrite(p, LOW);
}
 
void clearLEDs()  //清屏
{
  digitalWrite(a, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(b, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(e, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(f, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(g, HIGH);
  digitalWrite(p, HIGH);
}
 
 
// 点亮对应数字的数码管
void lightSegments(int x) {
  for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
    digitalWrite(segs[i], seven_seg_digits[x][i]);
  }
}

此代码为简易的秒表，效果如下，精准度不是很高，需要大家微调参数

标签: Arduino教程